Preloader

Scalable, effective, and rapid decontamination of SARS-CoV-2 contaminated N95 respirators using germicidal ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation device

  • 1.

    Andersen, K. G., Rambaut, A., Lipkin, W. I., Holmes, E. C. & Garry, R. F. The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2. Nat. Med. 26, 450–452 (2020).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 2.

    European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. COVID-19. https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/covid-19-pandemic (2021).

  • 3.

    Almond, D. & Mazumder, B. The 1918 influenza pandemic and subsequent health outcomes: An analysis of SIPP data. Am. Econ. Rev. 95, 258–262 (2005).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 4.

    Rubio-Romero, J. C., del Carmen Pardo-Ferreira, M., García, J. A. T. & Calero-Castro, S. Disposable masks: Disinfection and sterilization for reuse, and non-certified manufacturing, in the face of shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic. Saf. Sci. 1, 104830 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 5.

    Perkins, D. J. et al. COVID-19 global pandemic planning: Decontamination and reuse processes for N95 respirators. Exp. Biol. Med. 245, 933–939 (2020).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 6.

    WHO. Shortage of personal protective equipment endangereing health workers worldwide. https://www.who.int/news-room/detail/03-03-2020-shortage-of-personal-protective-equipment-endangering-health-workers-worldwide. (2020)

  • 7.

    Bauchner, H., Fontanarosa, P. B. & Livingston, E. H. Conserving supply of personal protective equipment” a call for ideas. JAMA 323, 1911–1911 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 8.

    Dong, J. H. X. Stability of SARS Coronavirus in Human Specimens and Environment and its Sensitivity to Heating and UV Irradiation (Springer, 2003).

    Google Scholar 

  • 9.

    Lai, M. Y., Cheng, P. K. & Lim, W. W. Survival of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Clin. Infect. Dis. 41, e67–e71 (2005).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 10.

    Van Doremalen, N. et al. Aerosol and surface stability of SARS-CoV-2 as compared with SARS-CoV-1. N. Engl. J. Med. 382, 1564–1567 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 11.

    Derraik, J. G., Anderson, W. A., Connelly, E. A. & Anderson, Y. C. Rapid evidence summary on SARS-CoV-2 survivorship and disinfection, and a reusable PPE protocol using a double-hit process. MedRxiv 133, 7 (2020).

    Google Scholar 

  • 12.

    Kampf, G., Todt, D., Pfaender, S. & Steinmann, E. Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents. J. Hosp. Infect. 104, 246–251 (2020).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 13.

    Riddell, S., Goldie, S., Hill, A., Eagles, D. & Drew, T. W. The effect of temperature on persistence of SARS-CoV-2 on common surfaces. Virol. J. 17, 1–7 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 14.

    Chin, A. W. & Poon, L. L. Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in different environmental conditions: Authors’ reply. Lancet Microbe 1, e146 (2020).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 15.

    Pastorino, B., Touret, F., Gilles, M., de Lamballerie, X. & Charrel, R. N. Prolonged infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 in fomites. Emerg. Infect. Dis. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2609.201788 (2020).

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • 16.

    Viscusi, D., King, W. & Shaffer, R. Effect of decontamination on the filtration efficiency of two filtering facepiece respirator models. J. Int. Soc. Respir. Protect. 24, 93 (2007).

    Google Scholar 

  • 17.

    Kariwa, H., Fujii, N. & Takashima, I. Inactivation of SARS coronavirus by means of povidone-iodine, physical conditions and chemical reagents. Dermatology 212(Suppl 1), 119–123 (2006).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 18.

    Rabenau, H. et al. Stability and inactivation of SARS coronavirus. Med. Microbiol. Immunol. 194, 1–6 (2005).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 19.

    Viscusi, D. J., Bergman, M. S., Eimer, B. C. & Shaffer, R. E. Evaluation of five decontamination methods for filtering facepiece respirators. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 53, 815–827 (2009).

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • 20.

    Kowalski, W. Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation Handbook: UVGI for Air and Surface Disinfection (Springer, 2010).

    Google Scholar 

  • 21.

    Darnell, M. E., Subbarao, K., Feinstone, S. M. & Taylor, D. R. Inactivation of the coronavirus that induces severe acute respiratory syndrome, SARS-CoV. J. Virol. Methods 121, 85–91 (2004).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 22.

    Lindblad, M., Tano, E., Lindahl, C. & Huss, F. Ultraviolet-C decontamination of a hospital room: Amount of UV light needed. Burns 1, 1–10 (2019).

    Google Scholar 

  • 23.

    Lytle, C. D. & Sagripanti, J. L. Predicted inactivation of viruses of relevance to biodefense by solar radiation. J. Virol. 79, 14244–14252 (2005).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 24.

    Lore, M. B., Heimbuch, B. K., Brown, T. L., Wander, J. D. & Hinrichs, S. H. Effectiveness of three decontamination treatments against influenza virus applied to filtering facepiece respirators. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 56, 92–101 (2012).

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • 25.

    Heimbuch, B. K. et al. A pandemic influenza preparedness study: Use of energetic methods to decontaminate filtering facepiece respirators contaminated with H1N1 aerosols and droplets. Am. J. Infect. Control 39, e1–e9 (2011).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 26.

    Lindsley, W. G. et al. Effects of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) on N95 respirator filtration performance and structural integrity. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 12, 509–517 (2015).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 27.

    Carocci, M. & Bakkali-Kassimi, L. The encephalomyocarditis virus. Virulence 3, 351–367 (2012).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 28.

    CDC. Strategies for optimizing the supply of N95 Respirators. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/respirators-strategy/index.html (2021).

  • 29.

    O’Hearn Katie, S. G. et al. Decontaminating N95 and SN95 masks with ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) does not impair mask efficacy and safety: A systematic review. J. Hosp. Infect. 106(1), 163–175 (2020).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 30.

    Kasloff, S. B., Leung, A., Strong, J. E., Funk, D. & Cutts, T. Stability of SARS-CoV-2 on critical personal protective equipment. Sci. Rep. 11, 1–7 (2021).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 31.

    Reed, N. G. The history of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation for air disinfection. Public Health Rep. 125, 15–27 (2010).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 32.

    Blázquez, E. et al. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the SurePure Turbulator ultraviolet-C irradiation equipment on inactivation of different enveloped and non-enveloped viruses inoculated in commercially collected liquid animal plasma. PLoS ONE 14, e0212332 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 33.

    Tanaka, T., Nogariya, O., Shionoiri, N., Maeda, Y. & Arakaki, A. Integrated molecular analysis of the inactivation of a non-enveloped virus, feline calicivirus, by UV-C radiation. J. Biosci. Bioeng. 126, 63–68 (2018).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 34.

    Meunier, S. M., Sasges, M. R. & Aucoin, M. G. Evaluating ultraviolet sensitivity of adventitious agents in biopharmaceutical manufacturing. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 44, 893–909 (2017).

    CAS 
    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 35.

    Kowalski, W. J., Bahnfleth, W. & Hernandez, M. T. A genomic model for predicting the ultraviolet susceptibility of viruses. IUVA News 11, 15–28 (2009).

    Google Scholar 

  • 36.

    M Science. Decontamination of 3M filtering facepiece respirators such as N95 respirators in the United States: Considerations. https://multimedia.3m.com/mws/media/1824869O/decontamination-methods-for-3m-filtering-facepiece-respirators-technical-bulletin.pdf (2021).

  • 37.

    Vuma, C. D., Manganyi, J., Wilson, K. & Rees, D. The effect on fit of multiple consecutive donning and doffing of N95 filtering facepiece respirators. Ann. Work Exposures Health 63, 930–936 (2019).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • 38.

    DC-Pandemic planning. Recommended guidance for Extended use and limited reuse of N95 filtering facepiece respirators in healthcare settings. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/hcwcontrols/recommendedguidanceextuse.html (2021).

  • 39.

    Bergman, M. S. et al. Impact of multiple consecutive donnings on filtering facepiece respirator fit. Am. J. Infect. Control 40, 375–380 (2012).

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Source link