Chan, M. World Health Day 2011. Combat Drug Resistance: No Action Today Means No Cure Tomorrow (2011).
Hutchings, M. I., Truman, A. W. & Wilkinson, B. Antibiotics: Past, present and future. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 51, 72–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2019.10.008 (2019).
Google Scholar
Browne, K. et al. A new era of antibiotics: The clinical potential of antimicrobial peptides. Int. J. Mol. Sci. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197047 (2020).
Google Scholar
Mahlapuu, M., Håkansson, J., Ringstad, L. & Björn, C. Antimicrobial peptides: An emerging category of therapeutic agents. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 6, 194. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2016.00194 (2016).
Google Scholar
Nguyen, L. T., Haney, E. F. & Vogel, H. J. The expanding scope of antimicrobial peptide structures and their modes of action. Trends Biotechnol. 29, 464–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.05.001 (2011).
Google Scholar
Shrestha, A., Duwadi, D., Jukosky, J. & Fiering, S. N. Cecropin-like antimicrobial peptide protects mice from lethal E. coli infection. PLoS One 14, e0220344. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220344 (2019).
Google Scholar
Hirsch, R. et al. Profiling antimicrobial peptides from the medical maggot Lucilia sericata as potential antibiotics for MDR Gram-negative bacteria. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 74, 96–107. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dky386 (2019).
Google Scholar
Pöppel, A.-K., Vogel, H., Wiesner, J. & Vilcinskas, A. Antimicrobial peptides expressed in medicinal maggots of the blow fly Lucilia sericata show combinatorial activity against bacteria. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 59, 2508–2514. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.05180-14 (2015).
Google Scholar
Rajamuthiah, R. et al. A defensin from the model beetle Tribolium castaneum acts synergistically with telavancin and daptomycin against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. PLoS One 10, e0128576. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128576 (2015).
Google Scholar
Ma, H., Galvin, T. A., Glasner, D. R., Shaheduzzaman, S. & Khan, A. S. Identification of a novel rhabdovirus in Spodoptera frugiperda cell lines. J. Virol. 88, 6576–6585. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00780-14 (2014).
Google Scholar
Mena, J. A. & Kamen, A. A. Insect cell technology is a versatile and robust vaccine manufacturing platform. Expert Rev. Vaccines 10, 1063–1081. https://doi.org/10.1586/erv.11.24 (2011).
Google Scholar
van Oers, M. M., Pijlman, G. P. & Vlak, J. M. Thirty years of baculovirus-insect cell protein expression: From dark horse to mainstream technology. J. Gen. Virol. 96, 6–23. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.067108-0 (2015).
Google Scholar
Felberbaum, R. S. The baculovirus expression vector system: A commercial manufacturing platform for viral vaccines and gene therapy vectors. Biotechnol. J. 10, 702–714. https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.201400438 (2015).
Google Scholar
Dyring, C. Optimising the Drosophila S2 expression system for production of therapeutic vaccines. BioProcess J. 10, 28–35. https://doi.org/10.12665/J102.Dyring (2011).
Google Scholar
Peraman, R., Bhadraya, K. & Padmanabha Reddy, Y. Analytical quality by design: A tool for regulatory flexibility and robust analytics. Int. J. Anal. Chem. 2015, 868727. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/868727 (2015).
Google Scholar
Yu, L. X. et al. Understanding pharmaceutical quality by design. AAPS J. 16, 771–783. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12248-014-9598-3 (2014).
Google Scholar
Haleem, R. M., Salem, M. Y., Fatahallah, F. A. & Abdelfattah, L. E. Quality in the pharmaceutical industry—A literature review. Saudi Pharm. J. 23, 463–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2013.11.004 (2015).
Google Scholar
Biechele, P., Busse, C., Solle, D., Scheper, T. & Reardon, K. Sensor systems for bioprocess monitoring. Eng. Life Sci. 15, 469–488. https://doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201500014 (2015).
Google Scholar
Hsu, W.-T., Aulakh, R. P. S., Traul, D. L. & Yuk, I. H. Advanced microscale bioreactor system: A representative scale-down model for bench-top bioreactors. Cytotechnology 64, 667–678. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-012-9446-1 (2012).
Google Scholar
Janakiraman, V., Kwiatkowski, C., Kshirsagar, R., Ryll, T. & Huang, Y.-M. Application of high-throughput mini-bioreactor system for systematic scale-down modeling, process characterization, and control strategy development. Biotechnol. Prog. 31, 1623–1632. https://doi.org/10.1002/btpr.2162 (2015).
Google Scholar
Simutis, R. & Lübbert, A. Bioreactor control improves bioprocess performance. Biotechnol. J. 10, 1115–1130. https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.201500016 (2015).
Google Scholar
Carvell, J. P. & Dowd, J. E. On-line measurements and control of viable cell density in cell culture manufacturing processes using radio-frequency impedance. Cytotechnology 50, 35–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-005-3974-x (2006).
Google Scholar
Zitzmann, J., Weidner, T., Eichner, G., Salzig, D. & Czermak, P. Dielectric spectroscopy and optical density measurement for the online monitoring and control of recombinant protein production in stably transformed Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/s18030900 (2018).
Google Scholar
Moore, B., Sanford, R. & Zhang, A. Case study: The characterization and implementation of dielectric spectroscopy (biocapacitance) for process control in a commercial GMP CHO manufacturing process. Biotechnol. Prog. 35, e2782. https://doi.org/10.1002/btpr.2782 (2019).
Google Scholar
Zitzmann, J., Sprick, G., Weidner, T., Schreiber, C. & Czermak, P. Process optimization for recombinant protein expression in insect cells. In New Insights into Cell Culture Technology (ed. Gowder, S. J. T.) (InTech, 2017).
Harnischfeger, J., Käßer, L., Zitzmann, J., Salzig, D. & Czermak, P. Bioreactor-based antigen production process using the baculovirus expression vector system. Methods Mol. Biol. (Clifton, N.J.) 2183, 95–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0795-4_8 (2021).
Google Scholar
Käßer, L. et al. Turbidimetry and dielectric spectroscopy as process analytical technologies for mammalian and insect cell cultures. Methods Mol. Biol. (Clifton, N.J.) 2095, 335–364. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0191-4_20 (2020).
Google Scholar
Bielser, J.-M., Wolf, M., Souquet, J., Broly, H. & Morbidelli, M. Perfusion mammalian cell culture for recombinant protein manufacturing—A critical review. Biotechnol. Adv. 36, 1328–1340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.04.011 (2018).
Google Scholar
Baptista, R. P., Fluri, D. A. & Zandstra, P. W. High density continuous production of murine pluripotent cells in an acoustic perfused bioreactor at different oxygen concentrations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 110, 648–655. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.24717 (2013).
Google Scholar
Pui, P. W. et al. Batch and semicontinuous aggregation and sedimentation of hybridoma cells by acoustic resonance fields. Biotechnol. Prog. 11, 146–152. https://doi.org/10.1021/bp00032a005 (1995).
Google Scholar
Gränicher, G. et al. Performance of an acoustic settler versus a hollow fiber-based ATF technology for influenza virus production in perfusion. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 104, 4877–4888. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10596-x (2020).
Google Scholar
Jardin, B. A., Montes, J., Lanthier, S., Tran, R. & Elias, C. High cell density fed batch and perfusion processes for stable non-viral expression of secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) using insect cells: Comparison to a batch Sf-9-BEV system. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 97, 332–345. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.21224 (2007).
Google Scholar
Gorenflo, V. M. et al. Production of a self-activating CBM-factor X fusion protein in a stable transformed Sf9 insect cell line using high cell density perfusion culture. Cytotechnology 44, 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-005-0703-4 (2004).
Google Scholar
Justice, C. et al. Online- and offline-monitoring of stem cell expansion on microcarrier. Cytotechnology 63, 325–335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-011-9359-4 (2011).
Google Scholar
Drugmand, J.-C., Schneider, Y.-J. & Agathos, S. N. Insect cells as factories for biomanufacturing. Biotechnol. Adv. 30, 1140–1157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.09.014 (2012).
Google Scholar
Chotteau, V. Perfusion Processes. In Animal Cell Culture, vol. 9 (ed. Al-Rubeai, M.) 407–443 (Springer International Publishing, 2015).
Moraes, A. M. et al. Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells for expression of heterologous genes: From gene cloning to bioprocess development. Biotechnol. Adv. 30, 613–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.10.009 (2012).
Google Scholar
Deparis, V. et al. Promoting effect of rapeseed proteins and peptides on Sf9 insect cell growth. Cytotechnology 42, 75–85. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:CYTO.0000009816.65227.84 (2003).
Google Scholar
Rhiel, M., Mitchell-Logean, C. M. & Murhammer, D. W. Comparison of Trichoplusia ni BTI-Tn-5B1-4 (high five™) and Spodoptera frugiperda Sf-9 insect cell line metabolism in suspension cultures. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 55, 909–920. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19970920)55:6%3c909::AID-BIT8%3e3.0.CO;2-K (1997).
Google Scholar
Eibl, R. et al. Fast single-use VLP vaccine productions based on insect cells and the baculovirus expression vector system: Influenza as case study. Adv. Biochem. Eng. Biotechnol. 138, 99–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/10_2013_186 (2014).
Google Scholar
Schmid, G. Insect cell cultivation: Growth and kinetics. Cytotechnology 20, 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00350388 (1996).
Google Scholar
Fernandes, F. et al. Flipase-mediated cassette exchange in Sf9 insect cells for stable gene expression. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 109, 2836–2844. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.24542 (2012).
Google Scholar
Zhang, J., Collins, A., Chen, M., Knyazev, I. & Gentz, R. High-density perfusion culture of insect cells with a BioSep ultrasonic filter. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 59, 351–359. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19980805)59:3%3c351::AID-BIT11%3e3.0.CO;2-H (1998).
Google Scholar
Targovnik, A. M. et al. Highly efficient production of rabies virus glycoprotein G ectodomain in Sf9 insect cells. 3 Biotech 9, 385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-019-1920-4 (2019).
Google Scholar
Drummond, D. A. & Wilke, C. O. The evolutionary consequences of erroneous protein synthesis. Nat. Rev. Genet. 10, 715–724. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg2662 (2009).
Google Scholar
Mura, M. et al. The effect of amidation on the behaviour of antimicrobial peptides. Eur. Biophys. J. EBJ 45, 195–207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00249-015-1094-x (2016).
Google Scholar
Crusca, E. et al. Influence of N-terminus modifications on the biological activity, membrane interaction, and secondary structure of the antimicrobial peptide hylin-a1. Biopolymers 96, 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1002/bip.21454 (2011).
Google Scholar
Zitzmann, J., Weidner, T. & Czermak, P. Optimized expression of the antimicrobial protein Gloverin from Galleria mellonella using stably transformed Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells. Cytotechnology 69, 371–389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10616-017-0068-5 (2017).
Google Scholar
Zitzmann, J. Prozessintensivierung für die Produktion von antimikrobiellen Peptiden mit stabil transfizierten Drosophila melanogaster S2-Zelllinien 1st edn. (Shaker Verlag, 2019).
Dowd, J. E., Jubb, A., Kwok, K. E. & Piret, J. M. Optimization and control of perfusion cultures using a viable cell probe and cell specific perfusion rates. Cytotechnology 42, 35–45. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026192228471 (2003).
Google Scholar
Ikonomou, L., Schneider, Y.-J. & Agathos, S. N. Insect cell culture for industrial production of recombinant proteins. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 62, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-003-1223-9 (2003).
Google Scholar
Mercier, S. M. et al. Process analytical technology tools for perfusion cell culture. Eng. Life Sci. 16, 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201500035 (2016).
Google Scholar
Justice, C. et al. Process control in cell culture technology using dielectric spectroscopy. Biotechnol. Adv. 29, 391–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.03.002 (2011).
Google Scholar
Strandberg, E. et al. Influence of C-terminal amidation on the antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of cationic α-helical peptides. Pure Appl. Chem. 79, 717–728. https://doi.org/10.1351/pac200779040717 (2007).
Google Scholar

